Pérez-Milena, Alejandro

Álvarez-Nieto, Carmen

[ES] Se desea determinar la eficiencia de dos intervenciones motivacionales en adolescentes para conseguir el cese del tabaquismo. Se realiza un estudio experimental aleatorizado multicéntrico en 5 Institutos de Educación Secundaria. Se proponen intervenciones individuales en los institutos participando adolescentes fumadores que desean dejar de fumar. Se desarrollan dos intervenciones por médicos de familia en el propio instituto mediante un muestreo aleatorio estratificado: intensiva y breve. Participan 92 adolescentes, sin diferencias al principio de las intervenciones: 82% fuman a diario, con baja dependencia (62%) y motivación alta/moderada para el cese (88%). El 47% recibe la intervención intensiva. Se consigue la abstinencia del 64%±5,0 el primer mes (20% mejor en intervención intensiva); 42%±5,2 el sexto mes y 27%±4,6 al año (sin diferencias). La intervención breve parece ser más eficiente, mientras que serían precisas más investigaciones para determinar el perfil del adolescente que se beneficiaría de una intervención intensiva.

[EN]The aim of this study is to determine the efficiency of two motivational interventions (brief and intensive) in smoker adolescents, to help them stop smoking. A multicenter randomized experimental study was carried out at five high schools. Two motivational interventions were carried out at each school by general practitioners: intensive (four sessions) and brief (a single session). A total of 92 adolescents participated and no differences at beginning of the interventions: daily smokers accounted for 82% of the sample, with low dependence (62%) and moderate-high motivation to quit smoking (88%). The 47% received the intensive intervention. Abstinence was achieved by 64%±5.0 for the first month (20% better in intensive intervention), 42%±5.2 for the sixth month and 27%±4.6 for the twelfth month (without differences). The brief intervention appears to be more efficient, while more research is needed to determine the profile of those adolescents who would benefit from intensive intervention.

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Adolescentes

Tabaquismo

Disonancia cognitiva

Adolescents

Smoking

Cognitive dissonance

Smoking cessation